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September 23, 2005

Rita Madness: Getting Schooled On An Evacuation

Katrinabuses-1

Galvestonbuses-2

If the image of partly submerged school buses is destined to become an enduring reminder of the Katrina debacle, a picture like the one just below it could well earn a similar designation in connection to hurricane Rita.

While the Republicans — running interference for Bush and FEMA — have turned this first photo into a visual indictment of Louisiana’s state and local officials, Governor Blanco continues to assert that FEMA ordered the buses held.  (To be fair, I’ve read a number of progressive bloggers who feel that both deserve blame.)

Highwaysky-1

Highwaylanes1-1

Meanwhile, in yesterday’s pre-disaster disaster, it was Houston Mayor Bill White and Texas Governor Rick Perry who had failed to anticipate how a mass exodus could effectively cripple the escape route.  Although the plan earlier in the day was to open both sides of the highway to “same way” traffic, the strategy broke down leading to scenes as painfully out-of-proportion as these above.

Late yesterday, White was in full “damage control” mode, asking for military support to rush fuel to stranded motorists, warning that people — absent food and water — could literally die on the roads, and insisting that he had never formally urged people to evacuate.

Beyond the trauma of endless gridlock (generating visual evidence that will surely endure through the next state election cycle), lets hope that Texas hasn’t created a large-scale catastrophe in the course of trying to avoid one.

(image 1: Phil Coale/AP.  September 1, 2005. New Orleans.  From: YahooNews. image 2: AFP/James Nielsen. Galveston, Texas. September 23, 2005.  image 3: Pat Sullivan/AP. Houston. September 22, 2005. From: YahooNews. image 4: AP Photo/Ron Heflin.  Fairfield, Texas.  Thursday, Sept. 22, 2005 From: YahooNews.)

  • lemondloulou54

    Notice that the last school bus in the second photo is empty. Probably all of the buses are empty. . . At least the drivers are getting out of town. . . .

  • lemondloulou54

    Not all the buses were empty. Now 20 have died in one that was engulfed in flames. . .

  • http://ban-sidhe.com/blog/ Mathieu

    I read one account where Blanco was quoted as saying that FEMA turned down the school buses because they were not air-conditioned.
    Here’s one from the advocate, found on Think Progress: http://www.2theadvocate.com/stories/091805/new_blanco001.shtml
    That’s just plain wrong…

  • http://ban-sidhe.com/blog/ Mathieu

    By wrong, I mean unnacceptable if true, I’m not passing judgement on the truth of the governor’s statement.
    Sorry for the ambiguous phrasing.

  • http://lastmidnight.blogspot.com The Witch

    I thought only one person died in that bus fire…
    why don’t they open the other side of the roads… sigh

  • JustZisGuy

    The car culture strikes again. Surely if the objective is to evacuate *people* there should be at least one lane devoted to buses, and a continuous stream of buses traveling at highway speed would be ferrying hundreds of thousands of people out of harm’s way and returning to pick up more.
    Nope, we have to take our cars. And pickup trucks, motor homes, RVs, …
    (One other obvious question springs to mind: are there Amtrak trains being used? That’s an even more efficient way of getting people out of harm’s way.)

  • bg

    GREAT photos today!!
    I guess we are getting our lessons one disaster at a time. Maybe someone could jump ahead to the back of the chapter and find the extra credit questions?
    How many disasters does it take before we’ve had all the lessons we need? Or before we learn something? Oh, and you know those teachers? They probably will want a pay raise next.

  • Anonymouse

    RE: JustZisGuy

    (One other obvious question springs to mind: are there Amtrak trains being used? That’s an even more efficient way of getting people out of harm’s way.)

    NO WAY am I getting on a train to the nearest FEMA camp…I’d rather die in the streets…

  • joshowitz

    I really am mystified by the lack of understanding of disasters (and panic-stricken people) on the part of the people in charge of handling disasters.
    Have these people never even seen a disaster movie? I could have told you that more people would evacuate this time; Hello? Katrina scared the crap out of people! How can you not anticipate more people wanting to get out?
    As soon as the sky clouds up and the winds howl and the rains fall on all those miles of stopped cars, what are the odds that things will get out of hand in a hurry?
    Next thing you know, they’ll open up a stadium as “open admission” and be surprised that people gt trampled in the resulting stampede.
    Disgusting.

  • Gary

    Anyone know why there don’t seem to be any contraflow plans in Texas? It is bizarre to see so much roadway unused for the evacuation.

  • Chris

    I live in Houston (I’m in San Antonio as I write this). I can see I-10 from my back fence, and I used that road to get out today. This post is probably not coherent, but I haven’t had much sleep.
    You might well imagine, I spent a lot of time listening to Bill White over the last two days, and while I do remember hearing him urge people to leave, I don’t remember hearing him say he hadn’t done so (unless you’re confusing the relatively small number of Houston people who were in mandatory evacuation zones with the rest of us, who didn’t really need to leave – most of my neighbors are still at home).
    Most of the 1 million or so people who had to evacuate happen not to have been Houstonians, and much of the trouble on highways also happened outside Houston. It is true that (1) it took too long to open contra-flow lanes, and (2) a better schedule for who should evacuate when might help (but how would you enforce it?), but how exactly did you expect to get that many people out on about 4 major highway routes faster than it happened? As long as we insist on making cars our only way to get around in the US, it’s going to be trouble to make this happen.
    There were problems, and it was painful for a lot of people, but just about everyone who had to get out did, well before the arrival of the storm.
    Give White a break. This guy did a lot to make sure that an enormous number of Katrina refugees were housed in Houston (and invited businesses to sue over the loss of use of the convention center if they wanted to show that money was more important than people) and all the rest of the world hears is that “red tape is keeping evacuees from opening an FM radio station in Reliant Center”.

  • http://solarray.blogspot.com gmoke

    Read recently that at least two bus industry groups offered buses to FEMA but were refused outright or jerked around. Heard on the radio this morning, from a caller, that it turns out the famous drowned buses were a) refused by FEMA b) many were not usable due to mechanical difficulties. The image will become iconic but the reality of the situation on the ground at the time will be ignored.
    A picture is worth a thousand words and a lie goes around the world before Truth can put boots on.

  • readytoblowagasket

    To Chris (and anyone else who wants to give the people in charge a break–or credit): I’m sorry you’re tired, Chris, but I’d like to suggest another scenario for what you just went through. White had NO EMERGENCY PLAN. Zilch. Nada. No plan for the rest of the hurricane season (which doesn’t end until November, as we all know), even though his city grew by thousands in the last month. No plan. Even if his city hadn’t grown at all in the last month (and I interrupt myself here just to remind everyone that relocated Katrina victims DO NOT HAVE CARS, so they aren’t the ones DRIVING CARS out of town), it’s clear White didn’t have a plan for an emergency evacuation under ANY circumstances. A hurricane could target his city every year–and he has no plan. If he’d had a plan, he would have previously imagined a million or so people hitting the road at the same time. There wouldn’t be any “sooner” to open the contra-flow lanes–they’d just be open.
    And he saved NO ONE. He DID inspire panic, however, which is evident from the photographs and stories like yours. And everyone freaked out simultaneously, which is what people do when they are told not to “let” what happened to Katrina victims happen to them. An outrageous and irresponsible thing to say.
    I don’t know the guy, but I do wonder if it’s laziness or arrogance or just sheer stupidity that makes him think he’s safe from a potential natural disaster that could happen a few months out of every year. Speaking of years, it’s been 4 years–YEARS–since 9/11, and this is the best our elected officials can come up with? This is good enough? We elect these people to act in an emergency and to NOT instill panic. That’s their job. Why have we taken off our shoes at airports for the last 4 years? Why are we sacrificing human lives in Iraq? Why did anyone die from negligence OR drowning after Katrina? Why are people sitting in their cars for hours only a mile from their driveways in Texas? How many years does it take to think of an emergency plan? How many years are we going to accept this as good enough?
    White didn’t save your life, Chris, Rita spared it. I may sound to you like I’m speaking against you, but I’m not; I’m more on your side than you are.

  • Chris

    OK, Gasket, I don’t know where you see panic in my story, and I’m not claiming anyone saved my life. There was zero panic in my neighborhood, although the projected path of the storm passed through my house overnight. Again, most of my neighbors are still there. The view out my front window was as calm and normal as could be at 8am Friday.
    Most of the Katrina evacuees in the city came in their own vehicles (gee, daddy, there are a lot of Louisiana plates in town). The ones who were in the convention center and at Reliant were transported out well before everyone else (to Arkansas, for example) and many carless locals were transported to the convention center later (they were supposed then to be taken further out, but I left town before that happened, so I can’t confirm it). However, nothing in my message should have suggested that Katrina victims were a significant problem here,
    but I’ll repeat: White et al got the carless ones out ahead of time, and used those places as waystations for locals.
    When I say that most of the people in the evacuation zone were not Houstonians, I mean that the evacuation zones are mostly outside the city. White is the mayor of Houston, not of Galveston, Port Arthur, etc. He is also not the mayor of the Woodlands, Katy, or any of the other places where the highways narrow. He is also not the mayor of Flatonia, where the state supposedly had a plan to deliver gasoline for something like this (this was not “damage control” on White’s part).
    I assume you have passed through a big city by highway before. I guess, then, you may have noticed that they are wider inside than outside. You need to open contraflow lanes _outside_ the city, which is where they were eventually opened. Even as late as I left, they were needed all the way from Sealy to Seguin (look em up on a map).
    Current official estimates are that over 2 million people got out of the area over a period of less than 2 days, with 24 hours to spare. Anyone who thinks about it has worried about what will happen when 5+ million have to go in a hurry over the highways, but if you have a solution to that, I’d like to hear it. If we want to scream about lack of contraflow lanes and empty gas stations, slow emergency responce, etc, all at the same time, I hope we can see that the problem is not simple (contraflow could not be done on 290 for this sort of concern).
    I watched locals interviewed on highways and at gas stations for two days. MANY people loaded up everything they had in three cars and drove their families out in all three with half a tank of gas in each. To get people out, a plan will have to improve public transportation (violently opposed by, for example, our esteemed Tom Delay, not to mention a lot of the public) but will also have to mandate that people use it, and will have to control when people leave, how much they take with them, etc. Just a few years ago, the Katy railway was surreptitiously ripped out in favor of 9 or 10 (or 20) more lanes of freeway. Nice, if you can make it that wide all the way to San Antonio…
    I’m glad you’re more on my side than I am, and I appreciate your condescension.

  • readytoblowagasket

    I don’t blame you for being angry, Chris. I’d be pissed, too, if I were you.
    I just want to clarify that my first post addresses your own comments (especially “Give White a break”) as well as the photographs and NYT article that inspired this discussion in the first place (see above). I didn’t include other mayors in my post because other mayors aren’t your mayor. It’s not just my opinion that Houston residents were panicked by White–you’ve not only documented it yourself (“MANY people loaded up everything they had in three cars and drove their families out in all three with half a tank of gas in each”), it seems to be the concensus in the news media (not just the Times). The news media have also reported that White backpedaled on a number of points once the roads became jammed to a standstill. White may not be mayor beyond city limits, but he created a 100-mile-long traffic jam in the state of Texas (which is a pretty spectacular accomplishment) and then had to call in troops to supply fuel and water so that people wouldn’t DIE ON THE ROAD. Backpedaling smacks of saving face, not solving problems. I don’t care if you’re mad at me for calling the guy an idiot.
    I am absolutely sure I could do a better job.

  • Chris

    Hmmm.. well, ok. This will be my last post on the subject.
    Had you read my post, I think you’d know I’m not pissed.
    “The news media” may have reported all kinds of interesting things. I watched the press conferences in real-time.
    Initial reports had a cat-4 or cat-5 hitting Matagorda, and doing a lot of damage to west Houston on the way, meanwhile making an escape to San Antonio look questionable. SA floods like hell in a case like this. Wednesday night moved the prediction to Galveston Bay, including a 20-foot surge that would put the entire island under water, and push a lot of water up the bayous to Houston as well. People took all their cars because they thought they would lose them otherwise, and Bill White didn’t have to say anything to get that point across. Weather reports alone did that. Do you think people in Galveston need more? Can you provide a few quotes to demonstrate your point? No? I didn’t think so. Only force would have stopped it, and I don’t think we have the stomach for that.
    The bit about calling in troops is hilarious. If we are to get out by car, there must be a plan to stock fuel stops along the way, and that responsibility lies at least at the state level.
    So, here’s your problem: Wednesday night, you have information that a hurricane is coming, and maybe will go toward Louisiana, maybe toward San Antonio. 1.5 million people need to get off the coast, and through your city of 4-5 million, and they need to go where the hurricane won’t. Meanwhile, a million or so need to get out of Houston, too. Consider that in rush hour, it can take 3 hours to get from Galveston to Conroe (on I-45) if you’re lucky, on a good day.
    A 100-mile traffic jam is an accomplishment? We accomplish a lot around here all the time.
    I really am curious, and have to come back to it: how exactly do you think Bill White panicked people?
    If you can do a better job, come pitch your plan in Houston. If it doesn’t involve a total change in lifestyle, it won’t work, and otherwise, I don’t think you can sell it. If it’s based on the kind of stellar understanding of the situation that you’ve displayed here, I’d suggest you just stay home.
    Mad at you? Don’t be ridiculous. It’s not worth it.

  • Chris

    OK. I said it was my last, but I guess I lied. Houston the city has a pop of about 2 million, and Harris County is at about 4. The number of people who had to get out of Houston was certainly less than a million, but the Harris county figure is probably closer to that.

  • http://profile.typekey.com/buda_jenn/ buda_jenn

    Thanks Chris. Been trying to figure out who’s been evacuating and why “Houston” had to. Google and news searches have told me nothing. Seems “Houston” is west and the suburbs?? Even the 24 hour news channels showing nothing but the same one or two shots of broken windows and aluminum siding flying around.
    Can you tell us the danger in the evacuation zones?
    And all the military, ice, doctors, etc. poised to go in…. what for? who for? how long?
    Would be a big help! Thanks.

  • readytoblowagasket

    “If it doesn’t involve a total change in lifestyle, it won’t work.”
    That’s for sure!
    Also:
    1) “gee, daddy,”
    2) “White is the mayor of Houston, not of Galveston, Port Arthur, etc. He is also not the mayor . . . of the Woodlands, Katy, or any of the other places where the highways narrow. He is also not the mayor of Flatonia . . . ”
    3) “I assume you have passed through a big city by highway before,”
    4) “(look em up on a map)”
    5) “I appreciate your condescension.”
    6) “Had you read my post,”
    7) “The bit about calling in troops is hilarious.” 8) “Can you provide a few quotes to demonstrate your point? No? I didn’t think so.”
    9) “If you can do a better job, . . . it’s based on the kind of stellar understanding of the situation that you’ve displayed here, I’d suggest you just stay home.”
    10) “Mad at you? Don’t be ridiculous. It’s not worth it.”
    Oh. Really?
    I’m actually criticizing the officials, Chris, not you, ‘though I AM using your comments as jumping-off points, and I AM being provocative. I’d appreciate it if you’d stop misreading me, however. I see you have a pretty good grasp of the variables of the situation, better, perhaps, than the people running the place.

  • Chris

    I had meant to give a little timeline to try to explain what went
    on, maybe to explain why people went a little nuts. Of course, we had
    150,000 Katrina refugees in town (several times the number who had been
    rescued and encamped at Reliant and the convention center), so everyone
    was a little too aware of that event. Houston really doesn’t have any
    trouble absorbing that many people, and the Rodeo crowd causes a much
    bigger impact on daily life than this did, but seeing New Orleans taxis
    on the road was a little different.
    People started cleaning out water, peanut butter, charcoal, etc from
    the stores pretty early (Monday), even before we really knew it was coming
    to us.
    I didn’t keep a journal, so I hope I get the days straight. The following
    is a bit me-centric, but I can’t really comment on other peoples’ experiences.
    Check The Houston Chronicle for some of their
    local blogs for more interesting coverage than I can provide.
    Tuesday evening, it was projected to go through Matagorda. That would
    have taken the eye to the West of Houston, and would have been pretty nasty
    for people on that side of town (like me). Since they tend to curve North,
    we had a good chance of Hurricane-force winds, and flooding; water flows
    to the southeast.
    As for Galveston, it would have been a hell of a storm, too, since they
    could get most of a 20-foot surge (the seawall can handle something like 12 feet)
    and an enormous amount of rain. All that water also gets pushed up the bayous,
    especially Buffalo, which goes through downtown Houston and then winds its way
    by many peoples’ houses, such as mine.
    During the night, the track moved up to the North side of Galveston bay.
    That’s absolute hell for Galveston, and there was a good chance of a cat-4
    hurricane hitting them directly. The evacuation zones, including parts of
    Harris county, are those areas that are more or less guaranteed to flood in
    this case. For me, this track was worlds better than the Matagorda one, but
    one has to realize that the track crossed over Houston overnight, and the whole
    city was of course in the high-probability zone at all times. We would have
    taken a real wallop from this thing.
    Anyway, up to this time (Wed), Galveston was more or less guaranteed to be
    entirely under water, and the same goes for much of the coast. Downtown
    Houston would be pretty sure to be flooded, if not from the surge, then from
    the rain that came after. So, if you’re in those areas, you have to get out,
    but you still don’t know where to go. You know you can get stuck on the road,
    and you don’t know if the hurricane will catch you in Beaumont or on the way
    to San Antonio. A lot of people did head for Louisiana, and at some point
    on Thursday (or Friday night), they were stuck on the highways in Beaumont,
    many not knowing the storm was now heading their way.
    For many people in that area, they own their cars and maybe enough stuff
    to fill them, and none of it is insured in this case. If it hit, they would
    lose anything left behind, and that is why they drove all their cars out,
    even if they didn’t have enough gas for all of them. People who have more
    expected to lose sentimental items, and some people I know down there were
    totally panicked at this point, with nothing more than weather reports to go
    on.
    Sometime Thursday, the track moved further up the coast, and the storm
    started to weaken a bit, and people on the west side of Houston more or less
    relaxed. The roads were already jammed, and there were the aforementioned
    folks stuck in Beaumont, etc, but for me at least, the only real worry was
    that power would be out for a few days (our power goes out if too many people
    sneeze) with 100-degree weather, more mosquitos than most people can imagine,
    a three-year-old, a pregnant wife, etc. So, I watched I-10, and figured if
    it cleared, we would leave. It was down to less than 10 cars per minute on
    Friday morning, so we left for San Antonio. From Houston to maybe a little
    outside Katy, there were a lot of abandonded cars, and a lot of refuse.
    By the time we got to Columbus, every gas station, rest stop, etc, was
    full of cars with people, and we started using contraflow lanes. The rest
    of the way to SA, traffic all the way across was thick enough that it would
    have been good and slow without the extra lanes.
    As it happened, power stayed on at my house, and there was no need to
    leave at all, which was the case for a lot of Houston. My parents, my brother
    and uncle, and most of my neighbors stayed. I had my reasons for leaving,
    but we were prepared to stay without too much worry if traffic hadn’t cleared.
    Actually, something people forget is that you also have tornadoes along with
    hurricanes; Alicia produced 23 of them I grew up in Oklahoma, so tornadoes
    seem “normal”.
    As for Houston’s mayor. I was ambivalent about him until the post-Katrina
    thing. He did a lot to make sure that Houston took as many evacuees as we
    could hold, and I can tell you there was resisitance. I learned more than I
    wanted to know about the depths of racial hatred from comments I picked up
    from SOME locals, and a lot of businesses had various complaints. All in all,
    though, I felt proud of Houston’s response, and I started to feel that the
    national press was not giving a fair shake (weird articles about FM radio
    stations at Reliant, etc).
    When Rita appeared, Katrina evacuees were moved out to places like Arkansas
    pretty early, and the convention center, for example, was used as a waystation
    for getting carless locals out. Thankfully we don’t know, but I think you would
    not have seen thousands of people on rooftops begging for water in Houston. I
    really don’t know what happened to people who evacuated East, and I haven’t
    heard anything about it. The national press will concentrate on a few pictures
    of Port Arthur and Lake Charles, and maybe one or two human-interest stories.
    I watched White every few hours for 2 days (I know he didn’t sleep more than
    I did) fielding questions (some in Spanish) with all the nasty things good reporters
    should ask about failures, responsibilities, etc. I didn’t see him once show any
    irritation, and he answered them all as well as he could. He also resisted many
    attempts to get him to blame state or other officials for problems with contraflow,
    gasoline, etc.
    I think many people don’t realize that in June 2001, we had a mild tropical
    storm called Allison that flooded the bejeezus out of most of Houston. It just
    backed over us a few times and dropped a lot of water. I got out of bed that
    morning, turned on the TV, saw the pictures, and looked out my window to see…
    dry pavement. West Houston was absolutely clear, but near downtown, tractor-trailers
    were completely submerged. People were boating up and down their streets. All of
    those people were advised to find higher ground, just in case.

  • Jo

    I may be in error but I believe two small states with much smaller roads exit a million cars over Labor Day and I do not recall people running our of gas or died. That would be Me.and NH has no one looked into how places do this before they try it themselves. I think it is this “I know what is best for you” not what has worked before.